In the scenario presented, are you required to refrain from overtaking the cyclist?

In the photo you are driving along a street in town behind a cyclist who is just riding across a pedestrian crossing marked with sign D-6, without traffic lights. You are obliged to refrain from overtaking them. The answer is: yes.

The Road Traffic Act prohibits a driver from overtaking a vehicle on a pedestrian crossing and immediately before it, except at a crossing where traffic is controlled by signals or a police officer. The cyclist is on the zebra crossing at this moment, so overtaking them now would happen exactly at the prohibited place; there are no traffic lights and no person directing traffic who would lift the ban. The Act also requires you to exercise particular caution and reduce speed when approaching a pedestrian crossing - and overtaking is exactly the opposite, because it usually requires speeding up and draws your attention away from the pavements. In addition, when overtaking a bicycle you must keep a distance of at least 1 m, and the next lane is intended for oncoming traffic. So you slow down together with the cyclist, cross the pedestrian crossing behind them, watching both pavements, and overtake only on a straight section beyond the zebra crossing.

Legal basis: Art. 26 para. 3 point 1 and para. 1 and Art. 24 para. 2 of the Road Traffic Act (Prawo o ruchu drogowym); § 47 para. 1 and 4 of the Regulation on road signs and signals