In this situation, should you continue driving straight ahead through the intersection?

In the video you are driving along a street in a housing estate past buildings and parked cars, and on the right there is a blue round sign with a white arrow pointing up - C-5 "go straight on". At the nearest junction you should continue straight on - the mandatory sign requires this. The answer is: yes.

The Regulation on road signs and signals states that sign C-5 "go straight on" requires the driver to travel in the direction of the arrow and applies at the nearest junction or at the place where it is possible to change direction. A mandatory sign leaves no choice: turning left or right at this junction is prohibited, even if the side streets look passable - they may be one-way in the opposite direction or closed to traffic. The order applies only at the nearest junction; beyond it you may turn again, unless the sign is repeated. Do not confuse C-5 with the rectangular sign D-3 "one-way road" - that sign informs, it does not order. You go straight on, exercising particular caution when approaching the junction.

Legal basis: § 35 para. 1 point 5 and para. 2 of the Regulation on road signs and signals; Art. 25 para. 1 of the Road Traffic Act (Prawo o ruchu drogowym)