While riding a motorcycle, are you obliged to use a crash helmet?

This question is about the obligation of a motorcycle rider to wear a crash helmet. You have this obligation, unless the motorcycle is factory-fitted with seat belts - answer C.

The Road Traffic Act states that the rider of a motorcycle, quadricycle or moped and a person carried on such vehicles are obliged to wear, while riding, crash helmets that meet the relevant technical requirements, and this provision does not apply to motorcycles factory-fitted with seat belts. Answer A wrongly makes the helmet depend on having a passenger - the obligation applies to every ride, including when you ride alone. Answer B turns an obligation into a recommendation, and that is not true: the law provides for a fine for riding without a helmet. The exception concerns rare designs in which the rider sits in a seat with seat belts, for example some three-wheelers. The helmet must be type-approved (ECE 22 marking), well fitted and fastened - an unfastened helmet falls off at the first impact. It is worth remembering that in a fall it is the head that is hit most often, and a helmet reduces the risk of death by about 40 per cent.

Legal basis: Art. 40 para. 1 and 2 of the Road Traffic Act (Prawo o ruchu drogowym)