In this scenario, are you permitted to overtake the electric scooter?

In the photo, you are driving across a bridge behind a person on an electric scooter, who is riding in the red cycle lane on the right; next to the roadway there is sign B-25 "no overtaking", and a car is coming from the opposite direction. You are allowed to overtake the scooter. The answer is: yes.

The Regulation on road signs and signals states that sign B-25 "no overtaking" prohibits drivers of power-driven vehicles from overtaking power-driven multi-track vehicles. An electric scooter has a motor, but the Road Traffic Act excludes it from the definition of a power-driven vehicle, and moreover it is a two-wheeler - so sign B-25 does not cover overtaking it, just as with a bicycle or a motorcycle. You may overtake it under the general rules: keeping a lateral clearance of at least 1 m and having made sure that you have visibility and space. The scooter is in the cycle lane, so if you drive in the middle of your lane, you will usually keep the required distance without changing your path; however, you must not cross the double solid line or get close to the car coming from the opposite direction. If a one-metre distance cannot be kept without driving onto the line, you slow down and wait until the oncoming car has passed.

Legal basis: § 23 para. 1 of the Regulation on road signs and signals; Art. 2 point 32 and 47b and Art. 24 para. 2 of the Road Traffic Act (Prawo o ruchu drogowym)