Are you permitted to stop on the left-hand edge of the carriageway at this point?

In the photo you are driving on a two-way road outside a built-up area, among trees; the roadway has one lane in each direction, with a broken line in the middle. You must not stop at the left-hand edge of the roadway at this point. The answer is: no.

The Road Traffic Act prohibits stopping a vehicle on the roadway at its left-hand edge, except for stopping or parking in a built-up area on a one-way road or on a two-way roadway with light traffic. The exception has two conditions at the same time: a built-up area, and a one-way road or light traffic. In the photo you are outside a built-up area, so regardless of how heavy the traffic is, stopping on the left is ruled out. The reason: a car standing "against the traffic" forces you to cross into the opposite lane, and after stopping you pull out straight into oncoming cars, and at night also with your headlights shining into their eyes. In any case, here you would not stop even on the right: the solid edge line prohibits driving onto the shoulder and stopping next to it. If you have to stop, you drive on to a lay-by or a place off the roadway without such a line - outside a built-up area, a parked vehicle should, where possible, stand off the roadway.

Legal basis: Art. 49 para. 1 point 5 and 7 and Art. 46 para. 3 of the Road Traffic Act (Prawo o ruchu drogowym); § 86 para. 8 of the Regulation on road signs and signals