In the visible situation, is it only permissible to turn left from this lane?

In the photo, in the evening, you are approaching a junction with traffic lights in a town; above your lane, the directional traffic lights S-3 are showing a green signal with arrows pointing in more than one direction, next to them there is sign D-6, and there are cars standing on the roadway. From this lane it is not the case that you may only turn left. The answer is: no.

The Regulation on road signs and signals states that the signals shown by the directional traffic lights S-3 apply to drivers travelling in the directions shown by the arrow or arrows on the signal; a green signal in the shape of an arrow allows you to drive in the direction shown, and if there are more arrows, to drive in any of these directions. On these traffic lights, the green signal does not point only to the left, so from this lane you may also drive in at least one other direction. If only a left turn were allowed, the signal would have one arrow pointing left. S-3 traffic lights are hung above individual lanes precisely so that each lane gets its own set of directions - that is why, before a junction, you look at the traffic lights above your own lane, not the neighbouring one.

Legal basis: § 97 para. 1 and 2 and § 95 para. 2 of the Regulation on road signs and signals