What should you do if a fall from a four-wheeled vehicle (microcar, quad) entails a head injury with visible nose-bleeding or ear-bleeding?

In the photo there is a quadricycle with a windscreen and top boxes. When the victim of a fall from a quadricycle has a head injury with bloody discharge from the nose or ear, you immobilise their head and cervical spine (the neck part of the spine) and apply a protective dressing - answer A.

Anyone who sees a person in a sudden health emergency must notify the emergency services without delay, and the Criminal Code punishes failure to give help when you can give it without putting yourself in danger - that is why just standing to one side (answer C) is a mistake. Bloody discharge from the nose or ear after a blow to the head may mean a fracture of the base of the skull, and a severe head injury often goes together with an injury to the cervical spine. A pressure dressing (answer B) would be dangerous here: stopping the discharge may increase the pressure inside the skull. You cover the discharge with a sterile, loose dressing, keep the head still with your hands in the position in which it is lying, and call for help on 112.

Legal basis: Art. 4 of the State Emergency Medical Services Act; Art. 162 § 1 of the Criminal Code