In the presented situation, does the illuminated light allow you to go beyond the traffic lights?

In the photo you are waiting before a pedestrian crossing and a junction; above the roadway, directional traffic lights S-3 show a red U-turn arrow, and next to them traffic lights S-1 show red - both show a red signal, so regardless of the lane you must not go beyond the traffic lights. The answer is: no.

The Regulation on road signs and signals states that a red signal means a ban on going beyond the traffic lights, and the signals of directional traffic lights S-3 apply to drivers going in the direction shown by the arrow - here, those making a U-turn. A red arrow is not a ban on that direction, but a "stop" signal for that direction. You wait before the crossing until the green signal comes on for your direction.

Legal basis: § 95 para. 1 point 3 and § 97 para. 1 and 2 of the Regulation on road signs and signals