In this scenario, when driving straight ahead, do you have the right of way over the cyclist?

In the photo you are approaching a junction marked with sign D-1 "priority road" with plate T-6a, on which the priority road turns right and a thin line goes straight on; a cyclist is approaching from the right. When going straight on, you do not have right of way over the cyclist. The answer is: no.

The Regulation on road signs and signals states that plate T-6a under sign D-1 shows the actual route of the priority road through the junction. Since the thick line turns right, the priority road goes off to the right, and the section straight ahead, along which you want to drive, is a minor road. The cyclist is approaching from the right, which means that he is on the priority road; since you are both on the priority road, the right-hand rule from the Road Traffic Act applies between you - you give way to a vehicle approaching from the right, and a bicycle is a vehicle, so you give way to it just as you would give way to a car. The Act also requires you to exercise particular caution when approaching a junction. A cyclist is also easy to miss, so you look to the right twice. If you were turning right, you would continue along the thick line and right of way would be yours.

Legal basis: § 43 para. 1 and 2 of the Regulation on road signs and signals; Art. 25 para. 1 and Art. 2 point 47 of the Road Traffic Act (Prawo o ruchu drogowym)