In the present situation, is the driver allowed to switch on the driving beam?

In the photo, you are driving in the daytime along a town street with street lights that are still switched off; cars with their lights on are coming from the opposite direction, cyclists are riding on the left, and there is a pedestrian crossing in front of you. The driver is not allowed to switch on the main beam. The answer is: no.

In the daytime, main beam (high beam) is ruled out straight away: the Road Traffic Act allows main beam to be used between dusk and dawn only on unlit roads, provided it does not dazzle other drivers or pedestrians walking in a column, and requires you to switch to dipped headlights (low beam) when a vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction and when approaching a vehicle in front, if its driver could be dazzled. In the photo none of the conditions is met: it is daytime, the street has street lights, cars are coming from the opposite direction, and there are cyclists nearby, who would be dazzled by the beam of light just like drivers. In the daytime you drive with dipped headlights or daytime running lights, and from dusk to dawn with dipped headlights. You keep the main beam for an empty, unlit road outside town.

Legal basis: Art. 51 para. 1-3 of the Road Traffic Act (Prawo o ruchu drogowym)